Liberators' civil war

Key Facts:

The Liberators' civil war was started by the Second Triumvirate to avenge Julius Caesar's murder. The war was fought by Mark Antony and Octavian against  Caesar's assassins Marcus,Junius,Brutus,and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC.

Background of Battle: 

After the murder of Caesar, Brutus and Cassius had left Italy and taken control of all Eastern provinces (from Greece and Macedonia to Syria) and of the allied Eastern kingdoms. In Rome the three Antony, Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus had crushed the opposition of the senate and established the second triumvirate. One of their first tasks was to destroy the Liberators’ forces, not only to get full control of the Roman world, but also to avenge Caesar’s death.

The triumvirs decided to leave Lepidus in Italy, while Antony and Octavian moved to Northern Greece with their 28 legions. In 42 BC Gaius Norbanus Flaccus and Decidius Saxa, were sent by the triumvirs with an eight legions strong advance guard into Macedonia against the murderers of Julius Caesar. In the neighborhood of Philippi, Norbanus and Saxa met the combined advancing troops of Cassius and Brutus. As they were outnumbered, Norbanus and Saxa occupied a position near Philipi which prevented the republicans from advancing any further.

Conclusion of Battle:

The war caused a murder of a large number of its opponents in order to fund its forty-five legions in the second civil war against Brutus and Cassius. Antony and Octavian defeated them at Philippi.

Interesting Facts:

• After the war Mark Antony married Caesar's lover, Cleopatra, intending to use the fabulously wealthy Egypt as a base to dominate Rome. 
• A third civil war broke out between Octavian on one hand and Antony and Cleopatra on the other.

Personal Reflection:

In my opinion i think Brutus was not right by killing Caesar, especially since they were close. I think Brutus got what he deserved and I am glad that Antony and Octavian defeated them.

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Expulsion of the Acadians

Key Facts:

Living under French and then British rule in 1604 and 1713 the Acadians were forced to adapt. And when the British conquered Port Royal in 1710 after being ceded Acadia under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, they found themselves up against a people who had developed a strong sense of independence against British and French rule. The Acadians refused to recognize British rule, wanting to keep their religious freedom and not wanting to be obliged to bears arms in the event of war.

Summary of Conflict:

Wanting to settle permanently in the colony, the English founded the city of Halifax in 1749 to reduce the influence of Louisbourg. Charles Lawrence was appointed governor of Nova Scotia. However he didn't trust the Acadians, he believed that they were in cahoots with Natives, and threatened them with deportation to France if they refused to take the oath of allegiance to the British Crown. He petitioned the colony's court and was granted permission by the top court to carry out his threats. The decision was made easier by the fact that while most Acadians were neutral, some had already taken up arms for France. In July 28, 1755, Lawrence ordered his men to start arresting Acadians with a view to deporting them. But it took until September 5 of that year for Charles Lawrence to gather the Acadians in the St. Charles Church in Grand Pre in order to read the declaration that they must take take their possessions to the British Crown and that they would be deported. Unaware of what awaited them in the church, many Acadians were taken prisoner and deported to American colonies, France, and England. many died during the long ocean voyage. The survivors roamed, looking for a new place to call home. In 1763, after the Seven Year War and the signing of the peace treaty, some Acadians returned to Nova Scotia, only to find that they no longer owned land; it had been redistributed to Protestant settlers. In all, several thousand Acadians died during deportation: of illness, drowning, misery and starvation.

Conclusion of Conflict: 

During this time many died during the long ocean voyage. The survivors roamed, looking for a new place to call home. In 1763, after the Seven Year War and the signing of the peace treaty, some Acadians returned to Nova Scotia, only to find that they no longer owned land; it had been redistributed to Protestant settlers. In all, several thousand Acadians died during deportation: of illness, drowning, misery and starvation.

Interesting Facts:

• The British thought the Acadians were a threat to appropriation of the land.
• At least 10,000 Acadians were rounded up and crowded into British ships to be scattered among the Thirteen Colonies to the south. 

Personal Reflection:

I think if i was king i would also find a way to get rid of something or someone who i feel is a threat. It's the best way to make sure that you have control in your kingdom.

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The War of Religions

What is The War of Religions?

The French Wars of Religion, or Huguenot Wars took place in the 16th century. These two names are names for a period of civil infighting, military operations and religious war mainly fought between Roman Catholics and Huguenots in the Kingdom of France.

Key Facts:

The different wars involved several premodern day territory around the borders of today's France, For example, the Kingdom of Navarre and parts of Burgundy, and sometimes beyond the French region, for instance, in the war with Spain, from 1595-1598, into northern Italy, some of the German states of the Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Burgundy possessions in the Low Countries.

Background of Battle: 

The conflict involved disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, mainly the Reformed House of Condé and the Roman Catholic House of Guise, and both sides received assistance from foreign sources. Protestant England and Scotland supported the Protestant side led by the Condés and the Navarrese faction, while Hapsburg Spain and the Duchy of Savoy supported the Roman Catholic side concentrated around the Guises. They tried to balance the situation and avoid an war between the two religious groups, generally introducing gradual concessions to Huguenots. Catherine de' Medici initially held that stance until she sided with Roman Catholics after the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Which caused a wave of violence in which Catholic mobs killed tens of thousands of Protestants throughout the entire kingdom.

Conclusion of Battle:

In conclusion of the conflict in 1598, Huguenots were granted substantial rights and freedoms by the Edict of Nantes, however, it did not end hostility towards them. The wars weakened the authority of the monarchy, already fragile under the rule of Francis II and then Charles IX, though it later recovered its role under Henry IV.

Interesting Facts:

• Approximately 3,000,000 people perished as a result of violence, famine and disease in what is accounted as the second deadliest European religious war.
• Behind the Thirty Years' War, it took 8,000,000 lives in present-day Germany.
• Their were eight different wars between 1562-1598

Personal Reflection:

In my opinion i honestly don't think its necessary to fight eight different wars for something that could've been solved in one war. 

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Fall of Bastille

What is the fall of the Bastille?

The medieval fortress, armory, and political prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris. The prison contained just seven inmates at the time of its storming but was a symbol of abuses by the monarchy; its fall was the flash point of the French Revolution.

Key Facts:

The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of  July 14, 1789. The medieval fortress, armory, and political prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris. The prison had just seven inmates at the time of its storming but was represented by the abuse by the monarchy.

Background of Battle: 

The battle began because the prisoners had been held there without trial. This made it a target of the revolutionary crowds. The crowds gathered outside the fortress on the morning of July 14 and told the governor of the Bastille to surrender the building. The governor refused their what they said, and the revolutionaries stormed the gates. The soldiers defending the Bastille killed or wounded about a hundred members of the crowd, the attack continued.

Conclusion of Background: 

Basically, the governor was forced to surrender. A small part of the revolutionaries attempted to take the governor to a nearby location to have him arrested, but the crowd took him from his protectors and killed him. They carried his head on a pike in celebration of their victory.

Interesting Facts:

• Ninety-eight attackers and one defender had died in the actual fighting
• The people also hung his son.
• The three officers of the permanent Bastille garrison were also killed by the crowd.
• The crowd used cannibals

Personal Reflection:

In my opinion i think the people of Bastille did the right thing. It shows that they care about their town and thinks the right thing should be done in order for things to run correctly.

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The Battle of Hastings

Key Facts:

The Battle of Hastings was fought between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England. The battle was fought on October 14, 1066. It took place 7 miles northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex.

Background of Battle:

The battle was fought because,  Edward (who is the king of England) promised to make William (the duke of Normandy) his heir. On Edwards deathbed he ended up granting the kingdom to Harold Godwine, head of the leading noble family in England and more powerful than the king himself. In January 1066, King Edward died, and Harold Godwine was proclaimed King Harold II. 

William was mad and decided to go to Pevensey (in England) on Britans southeast coast on September 28, 1066. There, he had 10,000 troops and led them to Hastings on October 13. The next day, October 14, Harold led his army of 7,000 and William led hid forces out to battle. 

Conclusion of Battle: 

At the end of the all day battle, Harold was dead and his army was destroyed. Harold was the last Anglo-Saxon (a Germanic inhabitant of England between the 5th century and the Norman Conquest.) king of England. The battle changed the course of history, crowning William the first Norman king of England.

Interesting Fact:

French became the language of the king’s court and gradually blended with the Anglo-Saxon tongue to give birth to modern English.

Personal Reflection:

My opinion about this topic is that it is very interesting how a big battle can start over something little but may was big to them during that time. I also think its amazing how the whole battle was mostly fought by using battle axes and spears. However in my opinion I do think if Harold had more troops he would’ve probably won. 

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